Haemorrhoids are dilated venous plexuses of the anal area, usually taking the form of nodules. The direct cause of haemorrhoids is the obstructed outflow of venous blood from the anal plexus, leading to its dilatation. The causes of anal bleeding nodules are mainly chronic constipation, sedentary lifestyle and pregnancy. The most common symptoms of this condition are: bleeding with fresh, bright red blood appearing on the surface of the stool. Easily palpable, sometimes painful nodules may appear in the anal area. Depending on the severity, it may or may not be possible to drain them into the anal canal. The laser method can be used in all degrees of haemorrhoidal disease.

Laser treatment for the removal of haemorrhoids

The operation is performed under short-term intravenous or subarachnoid anaesthesia. The anaesthetist will provide detailed information on anaesthesia and its possible complications during the examination. 

The laser method involves reducing haemorrhoidal nodules without removing them. During the procedure, the blood supply to the haemorrhoidal plexuses is reduced and the main aim of the procedure is to eliminate the symptoms of the disease, i.e. bleeding and prolapse of the nodules. The aforementioned reduction in blood supply is achieved by obliteration, i.e. closure of the haemorrhoidal vessels.

When performing the laser procedure, the surgeon closes the haemorrhoidal vessels and coagulates the bleeding nodule. The procedure is performed under subarachnoid or brief general anaesthesia and lasts approximately 1D-20 min. During the procedure, the bleeding nodules are retracted and elevated to the centre of the anal canal. The haemorrhoidal vessels are coagulated using a laser fibre. The procedure does not leave deformities in the anus, as is the case with classic surgery, and there are no wounds afterwards.

The patient may feel a little pain for a few days, during which time swelling of the haemorrhoids may also persist (more common in more advanced forms of haemorrhoidal disease). Up to 2 weeks after the procedure, bleeding during defecation may also occur. Thereafter, the haemorrhoids shrink and retract into the anal canal. During this period, the patient should refrain from intensive physical exercise, in addition to which it is advisable to take prophylactic preparations acting to protect the veins and medication against constipation for 1-2 weeks.